Russia, an oil-rich country with a population of over 144 million has experienced both economic growth and decline in recent times. Since the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has undergone significant economic reforms to move from a centrally planned economy to market-based capitalism. It has seen a steady increase in its GDP from the early 2000s, with growth averaging around 7% up until the global economic crisis of 2008. However, its growth rate slowed down to an average of 1.5% between 2014–2020 due to various factors, which include international relations, economic sanctions, and changes in oil prices. Additionally, Russia has been heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, causing a significant decline in the economy. The International Monetary Fund predicted a 6% contraction in Russia's GDP in 2020 due to the pandemic. Russia has also faced significant economic challenges, such as structural problems, corruption, and an aging population. These
Social and political general subject